UCI Psychology 217 Vision (4) (68730)  Spring 2009   SYLLABUS 
Prof. George Sperling

Aims:  1a. Be able to describe visual stimuli that might be used in
experiments including CRT monitors, projection devices in fMRI, etc.
        b. Be able to understand colloquia and work of current vision
faculty, prepare to be able to read articles that deal with vision
and visual perception.
        c. Provide background for more advanced courses.
       2.  Practice giving brief presentations & extracting the main point
from a complex paper

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L1a  Outline of course, visual angles,  measuring blind spot; physics of light
L1b  Photometry: candlelas, illuminance, luminance, retinal illuminance

L2  Optics of the eye, diopters, acquired myopia,
    neurons, nerve impulses, anatomy of the retina, start receptive fields.

L3  Color vision

L4  Retina, dark adaptation via tracking methods.
   neural economy, electrodes, Kuffler cat ON, OFF; LGN, Hubel-Wiesel receptive
   fields, hypercolumns, visual pathways;  reverse correlation; homunculus,
   Type 1 and Type 2 expts.

L5  Linear systems, Fourier analysis, sine waves, square-wave demo,  pyramid
    representation; rectification

L6  EPSPs, inhibition (Cl-, K+, GABA), shunting
  inhibition model, Weber's expt, JND, Fechner log, logarithm vs feedforward
  gain control, sensory scaling via magnitude estimation, consequences in CRTs,
  HiFi, threshold for trigger, psychometric fc, noise density, shunting inhib +
  noise; tiling space,

L7  Complex cells, reverse correlation, M-sequences; Blakemore & Sutter,
     adaptation; Wandell, Retinotopy 

L8  Mop up lectures 5-7; start start stereo, depth. Julesz Random Dot
     Stereograms

L9  Reichardt/Motion Model;  Lu & Sperling/motion systems;

L10   Catch-up and review

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Details on talk presentations:

All articles for class reports are available electronically either on
webfiles.uci.edu->Sperling->Psych202c  or from designated URLs. URL for
articles by sperling:  http://aris.ss.uci.edu/HIPLab/staff/sperling/

The selection and number of presentations will depend on the number of students.

"Follow up" is for a brief term paper (and possible second presentation).
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Center-Surround receptive fields  
Kuffler, S. W. (1953).  Discharge patterns and functional organization of 
mammalian retina. Journal of Neurophysiology, 16, 37-68.

class: S&P/vision textbook

Follow up: a recent article by Joel Pokorny on bipolar receptive fields or by
  Charles Gilbert on nonclassical V1 receptive fields

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V1 simple and complex cells 

Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1962). Receptive fields, binocular interaction
and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex.  Journal of Physiology,
160, 106-154.

class: S&P/vision textbook

Follow up:  Recent articles by Dario Ringach on V1 receptive fields + his demos
 e.g.,   http://manuelita.psych.ucla.edu/~dario ->click on "Research"

Ringach, D. L., Sapiro, G., Shapley, R. (1997).
A subspace reverse-correlation technique for the study of visual neurons.
Vision Res., 37, 2455-2464

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4. Pyramid-Based image representations
Ogden, J. M., Adelson, E. H., Bergen, J. R., and Burt, P. J., RCA Engineer, 30(5):4-15 (1985). 
   [and/or]
The Laplacian Pyramid as a Compact Image Code 
  Burt, P., and Adelson, E. H., IEEE Transactions on Communication, COM-31:532-540 (1983).

   http://web.mit.edu/persci/people/adelson/publications.html
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Selective Adaptation: 

Blakemore, C., & Sutton, P. (1969). Size adaptation: A new aftereffect. Science,
166, 245-247.

Blakemore, C., & Campbell, F. W. (1969). On the existence of neurones in the
human visual system selectively sensitive to the orientation and size of retinal
images. Journal of Physiology, 203, 237-260.

Class: Blakemore & Sutton (1969), S&P/vision textbook

Follow up:  articles by Hugh Wilson using selective adaptation (e.g., to
  determine the number of size channels)

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fMRI/MRI retinotopy  
Wandell, B., Brewer, A. A., and Dougherty, R. F. (2005).
Visual field map clusters in human cortex.
Phil. Trans. of the Royal Society London, v. 360
  ftp:/white.stanford.edu/users/brian/mri/VisualClustersInPress.pdf  

class:
  Background: Sereno inflation demos
  Wandell, B., and Wade, A.  (2003).
  Functional  Neuroimaging of the Visual Pathways.
  Neurologic Clinics of North America, 21. 417-443. (first half of article)
    ftp:/white.stanford.edu/users/brian/mri/NeurologicClinics.pdf  

 Follow up:  What's been added by Wandell et al (2005) to previous knowledge?
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Stereo depth

Julesz, B. (1960). Binocular depth perception of computer-generated patterns.
Bell System Technical Journal, 39, 1125-1162.
 class: S&P/vision textbook

class: S&P/vision textbook

Follow up:  article by Ben Backus on fMRI imaging of stereo depth areas
First-order motion perception model 

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Reichardt, W. (1961).  Autocorrelation, a principle for the evaluation of 
sensory information by the central nervous system.  In W. A. Rosenblith (Ed.),
Sensory communication (pp. 303-317). Cambridge, MA:  MIT Press.

Follow up:  What did van Santen & Sperling (1984, 1985) and Adelson & Bergen
  (1985) add to Reichardt (1961)?

van Santen, J. P. H., & Sperling, G. (1984).
Temporal covariance model of human motion perception.
J. Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, 1, 451-473.
    Reichardt model + 3 expts to test it

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Third-order motion system:  Three third-order stimuli
(1) Lu, Z.-L., & Sperling, G. (1995).  Attention-generated apparent motion.
Nature, 377, 237-239.

(2a) Lu, Z.-L., Lesmes, L. A., & Sperling, G. (1999).
The mechanism of isoluminant chromatic motion perception.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 96, 8289-8294.
 +
(2b) Perceptual motion standstill in rapidly moving chromatic displays.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 96, 15374-15379.

(3) Tseng, C.-h., Gobell, J. L., Kim, H., Lu, Z.-L., & Sperling, G. (2006).
When motion appears stopped: Stereo motion standstill.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 103, 14953-14958.

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Class: First 12 pages of  Lu, Z.-L., & Sperling, G. (2001).
Three-systems theory of human visual motion perception: review and update.
J. of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, 18, 2331-2370.

Follow up:   
Imaging: Orban et al
Higher-order mechanisms in structure from Motion: Landy/Dosher/Sperling
Structure from motion:  Domini & Braunstein (1998)

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Why we have trichromatic color vision   

Iverson, G., & D'Zmura, M. (1995).  Color constancy: Spectral recovery using 
trichromatic bilinear models. In R. D. Luce, M. D'Zmura, D. D. Hoffman, G.
Iverson, &  K. Romney (Eds.), Geometric representations of perceptual phenomena 
(pp. 169-185). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

 Class:  same as above

 Follow up:  a source or followup paper by Iverson & D'Zmura (e.g., JOSA, 1994)
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Spatial interactions     

D'Zmura, M., and Singer, B.  (1999).  Contrast gain control.
In K. R. Gegenfurtner and L. T. Sharpe (Eds).
Color Vision.  From Genes to Perception. Cambridge University Press. 369-385.

Class: Chubb, C., Sperling, G., & Solomon, J. A. (1989).
Texture interactions determine perceived contrast.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 86, 9631-9635.

Follow up:  a recent article by Steven Shevell & Jianping Wei

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